Prepatellar bursitis, often called "housemaid's knee," is a painful condition affecting the bursa located in front of the kneecap. This bursa is a fluid-filled sac that cushions the kneecap and reduces friction between the bone and the overlying skin and tendons. While it can affect anyone, it's particularly common among individuals involved in activities that put repetitive stress on the knees, making it a significant concern in sports medicine. This guide serves as a comprehensive patient advisor, providing detailed information and addressing common questions.
What is Prepatellar Bursitis?
Prepatellar bursitis is the inflammation of the prepatellar bursa, resulting in pain, swelling, and tenderness in the front of the knee. The inflammation is often triggered by repetitive kneeling, direct trauma to the knee, or infection. In sports medicine, this condition frequently arises from activities involving prolonged kneeling, such as wrestling, weightlifting (particularly when performing floor exercises), or certain types of gardening. The constant pressure and friction irritate the bursa, leading to the accumulation of fluid and subsequent inflammation.
What are the Symptoms of Prepatellar Bursitis?
The primary symptom is pain and tenderness directly over the kneecap. The affected area often feels warm to the touch, and you might notice significant swelling. The swelling may be quite pronounced, sometimes resembling a large, fluid-filled balloon under the skin. Movement of the knee, particularly bending and straightening, can be painful and restricted. In severe cases, the pain can be intense, making even simple tasks difficult.
What Causes Prepatellar Bursitis?
Several factors can contribute to prepatellar bursitis:
- Repetitive kneeling: This is the most common cause, especially in occupations requiring frequent kneeling or in certain sports.
- Direct trauma: A direct blow or fall onto the knee can directly injure the bursa.
- Infection: Bacteria can infect the bursa, leading to septic bursitis, which is a more serious condition requiring immediate medical attention. This is often characterized by more severe pain, redness, and fever.
- Underlying medical conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout can increase the risk of bursitis.
How is Prepatellar Bursitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination. Your doctor will examine your knee, feeling for swelling, tenderness, and warmth. They'll likely ask about your medical history, activities, and any potential trauma. In some cases, an aspiration (removal of fluid from the bursa with a needle) may be performed to rule out infection and analyze the fluid. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, are usually not necessary unless there's suspicion of a fracture or other underlying condition.
How is Prepatellar Bursitis Treated?
Treatment for prepatellar bursitis aims to reduce pain, inflammation, and promote healing. Common treatment options include:
- Rest and Ice: Avoiding activities that aggravate the knee and applying ice packs for 15-20 minutes several times a day can significantly reduce swelling and pain.
- Compression: Using a compression bandage can help reduce swelling and provide support.
- Elevation: Elevating your leg above your heart can help reduce swelling.
- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen can help manage pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroid Injections: In some cases, your doctor may inject corticosteroids into the bursa to reduce inflammation. This is a relatively quick and effective treatment but may not be a long-term solution.
- Aspiration: As mentioned earlier, aspiration can remove fluid and relieve pressure, especially in cases of significant swelling.
- Surgery: Surgery is rarely necessary but may be considered in cases of chronic, recalcitrant bursitis that doesn't respond to other treatments.
How Long Does it Take to Recover from Prepatellar Bursitis?
Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's response to treatment. Mild cases may resolve within a few weeks with conservative management. More severe cases or those complicated by infection may require longer treatment and have a slower recovery.
Can Prepatellar Bursitis be Prevented?
While not always preventable, taking steps to reduce stress on the knees can help lower your risk. This includes:
- Proper knee padding: Using knee pads during activities that involve kneeling can help protect the bursa.
- Proper footwear: Wearing supportive footwear can help reduce stress on the knees.
- Stretching and strengthening exercises: Strengthening the muscles around the knee can improve stability and support.
- Avoiding prolonged kneeling: When possible, try to avoid prolonged periods of kneeling.
What are the Potential Complications of Prepatellar Bursitis?
The most significant complication is septic bursitis (infection of the bursa). This is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention with antibiotics. Chronic prepatellar bursitis, if left untreated, can lead to persistent pain and limited knee function.
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your individual needs and circumstances.
